»Ne dotikajte se!« Današnje vizualne kompetence otrok v primerjavi s preddigitalno dobo v luči njihovega likovnovzgojnega okolja
Povzetek
Naloga likovne vzgoje 21. stoletja je prispevati k razcvetu otrokove osebnosti. V tem prispevku se tega izziva lotevamo iz dveh glavnih smeri, ki obe ponujata pogled na nepoznan teren. Ta projekt je poskušal odgovoriti na naslednji raziskovalni vprašanji: kako se razvijajo plastične, prostorske (3D) ustvarjalne sposobnosti v primerjavi z običajnim napredovanjem slikovnih, dvodimenzionalnih (2D) zmožnosti otrok v vrtcu; kako se spretnosti otrok, vključenih v okolje vrtcev, merjene v 70. letih, primerjajo s spretnostmi otrok v vrtcih danes. Nadaljnji projekt je preučeval otrokove spretnosti v okviru vsebin prostorskega oblikovanja z naslednjimi vprašanji: v kakšnem okolju in s kom imajo otroci najboljše pogoje za ustvarjanje in likovno učenje; katera okolja so najprimernejša. Izsledki so pokazali očitno poslabšanje razvoja otroške risbe od leta 1974 do danes, in sicer v obeh študijah s področja risanja, pa tudi upad spodobnosti na področju plastičnega oblikovanja. Študija je pokazala tudi obetavne ugotovitve, da se upodobitve gibanja v otroških likovnih delih pojavijo prej na področju plastičnega oblikovanja kot na področju risanja. Ta spoznanja odpirajo pot smernic, ki lahko v našem vse bolj urbaniziranem svetu pomagajo otrokom, da odrastejo v osebe, ki z odgovornostjo oblikujejo naše okolje, občutljivo glede na svojo starost, kot samostojni reševalci problemov z uporabo orodij učenja skozi likovno vzgojo. Študija temelji na dolgoročni raziskavi skupine 3612+ Visual Skills Lab, ki uporablja kvalitativne in kvantitativne metode za oceno likovne usposobljenosti skoraj tisoč otrok, večinoma starih od 3 do 7 let, v več deset vrtcih na Madžarskem, s praktičnimi vajami ter z anketami med učitelji, starši in drugimi zainteresiranimi stranmi.
Prenosi
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